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Protective effect of Alpha‐Linolenic acid on Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Orchitis in mice
Author(s) -
Ok Fesih,
Kaplan Halil Mahir,
Kizilgok Bahattin,
Demir Erkan
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
andrologia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.633
H-Index - 59
eISSN - 1439-0272
pISSN - 0303-4569
DOI - 10.1111/and.13667
Subject(s) - orchitis , lipopolysaccharide , phospholipase a2 , tumor necrosis factor alpha , endocrinology , intraperitoneal injection , medicine , interleukin , antioxidant , nitric oxide synthase , pharmacology , nitric oxide , proinflammatory cytokine , enzyme , inflammation , immunology , chemistry , biochemistry , cytokine , pathology
Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have anti‐inflammatory effects. One specific PUFA, alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA), shows both anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In the testes, inflammatory mediators are known to increase when orchitis is induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This study aimed to determine whether the anti‐inflammatory properties of ALA could have a protective effect against LPS‐induced orchitis in mice. The mice were divided into untreated control, orchitis and ALA‐treated orchitis groups. Orchitis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS. The ALA‐treated group was administered ALA by gavage three days before intraperitoneal LPS injection. Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzymes and nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) in the testes, as well as serum interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), were analysed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests. LPS administration increased the expression of several inflammatory mediators, including IL‐6, TNF‐α and NF‐κB, as well as the COX‐2, cPLA2 and iNOS enzymes. ALA administration significantly prevented the LPS‐induced increases in these inflammatory mediators and enzymes ( p < .05). The anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects of ALA may make it a useful candidate for the treatment of orchitis caused by bacterial LPS.