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How defective spermatogenesis affects sperm DNA integrity
Author(s) -
Kuchakulla Manish,
Narasimman Manish,
Khodamoradi Kajal,
Khosravizadeh Zahra,
Ramasamy Ranjith
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
andrologia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.633
H-Index - 59
eISSN - 1439-0272
pISSN - 0303-4569
DOI - 10.1111/and.13615
Subject(s) - spermatogenesis , dna fragmentation , spermatozoon , biology , dna damage , microbiology and biotechnology , dna repair , sperm , epigenetics , dna , andrology , genetics , apoptosis , programmed cell death , gene , medicine , endocrinology
Spermatogenesis is the essential process to maintain and promote male fertility. It is extraordinarily complex with many regulatory elements and numerous steps. The process involves several cell types, regulatory molecules, repair mechanisms and epigenetic regulators. Evidence has shown that fertility can be negatively impacted by reduced sperm DNA integrity. Sources of sperm DNA damage include replication errors and causes of DNA fragmentation which include abortive apoptosis, defective maturation and oxidative stress. This review outlines the process of spermatogenesis, spermatogonial regulation and sperm differentiation; additionally, DNA damage and currently studied DNA repair mechanisms in spermatozoon are also covered.