Commitments of Debt: Temporality and the Meanings of Aid Work in a Japanese NGO in Myanmar

The rise of debt as a mechanism of development troubles many scholars and aid practitioners. Contrary to these concerns, however, ethnographic research at a Japanese NGO in Myanmar showed that Japanese and Burmese aid workers found value in moral and monetary debt relations. In this article, I argue that these aid workers viewed indebtedness as a precondition for the making of voluntary actors, willing and committed to aid work. What they problematized was not indebtedness but, rather, competing understandings of the appropriate temporality of a debt's repayment. The fault lines did not appear along cultural or moral‐monetary boundaries; they existed in the ways that people conceptualized voluntary actors as emerging from either long‐term forms of indebted gratitude or sequences of short‐term contractual agreements. While the entrapment of the poor in cycles of debt remains an increasing concern in the world, I here ask how we might understand local aid workers’ professional commitments when they do not question indebtedness as a moral framework.