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Adult‐onset eosinophilic airway diseases
Author(s) -
Asano Koichiro,
Ueki Shigeharu,
Tamari Mayumi,
Imoto Yoshimasa,
Fujieda Shigeharu,
Taniguchi Masami
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
allergy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.363
H-Index - 173
eISSN - 1398-9995
pISSN - 0105-4538
DOI - 10.1111/all.14620
Subject(s) - medicine , allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis , eosinophilic , immunology , eosinophilia , asthma , eosinophil , nasal polyps , granulomatosis with polyangiitis , allergy , sinusitis , hypereosinophilia , disease , immunoglobulin e , pathology , vasculitis , antibody
Eosinophilic airway inflammation is one of the cardinal features of allergic airway diseases such as atopic asthma and allergic rhinitis. These childhood‐onset conditions are mediated by allergen and allergen‐specific IgE and often accompanied by other allergic diseases including food allergy and eczema. They can develop consecutively in the same patient, which is referred to as an allergic march. In contrast, some phenotypes of asthma, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs‐exacerbated airway disease (N‐ERD), chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP)/eosinophilic CRS and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis/mycosis (ABPA/ABPM) are adult‐onset airway diseases, which are characterized by prominent peripheral blood eosinophilia. Most of these conditions, except for ABPA/ABPM, are nonatopic, and the coexistence of multiple diseases, including an adult‐onset eosinophilic systemic disease, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), is common. In this review, we focus on eosinophil biology, genetics and clinical characteristics and the pathophysiology of adult‐onset eosinophilic asthma, N‐ERD, CRSwNP/eosinophilic CRS, ABPA/ABPM and EGPA, while exploring the common genetic, immunological and pathological conditions among these adult‐onset eosinophilic diseases.