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Personalized medicine for allergy treatment: Allergen immunotherapy still a unique and unmatched model
Author(s) -
Incorvaia Cristoforo,
AlAhmad Mona,
Ansotegui Ignacio J.,
Arasi Stefania,
Bachert Claus,
Bos Catherine,
Bousquet Jean,
Bozek Andrzéj,
Caimmi Davide,
Calderón Moises A.,
Casale Thomas,
Custovic Adnan,
De Blay Frédéric,
Demoly Pascal,
Devillier Philippe,
Didier Alain,
Fiocchi Alessandro,
Fox Adam T.,
Gevaert Philippe,
Gomez Maximiliano,
Heffler Enrico,
Ilitalia,
Irani Carla,
Jutel Marek,
Karagiannis Efstrathios,
Klimek Ludger,
Kuna Piotr,
O'Hehir Robin,
Kurbacheva Oxana,
Matricardi Paolo M.,
MoraisAlmeida Mario,
Mosges Ralph,
Novak Natalija,
Okamoto Yoshitaka,
Panzner Petr,
Papadopoulos Nikolaos G.,
Park HaeSim,
Passalacqua Giovanni,
Pawankar Ruby,
Pfaar Oliver,
SchmidGrendelmeier Peter,
Scurati Silvia,
TortajadaGirbés Miguel,
Vidal Carmen,
Virchow J. Christian,
Wahn Ulrich,
Worm Margitta,
Zieglmayer Petra,
Caica Giorgio W.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
allergy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.363
H-Index - 173
eISSN - 1398-9995
pISSN - 0105-4538
DOI - 10.1111/all.14575
Subject(s) - medicine , personalized medicine , precision medicine , endotype , disease , mechanism (biology) , allergy , allergen immunotherapy , omics , biomarker , immunotherapy , molecular diagnostics , intensive care medicine , immunology , bioinformatics , allergen , immune system , biology , pathology , philosophy , biochemistry , epistemology
The introduction of personalized medicine (PM) has been a milestone in the history of medical therapy, because it has revolutionized the previous approach of treating the disease with that of treating the patient. It is known today that diseases can occur in different genetic variants, making specific treatments of proven efficacy necessary for a given endotype. Allergic diseases are particularly suitable for PM, because they meet the therapeutic success requirements, including a known molecular mechanism of the disease, a diagnostic tool for such disease, and a treatment blocking the mechanism. The stakes of PM in allergic patients are molecular diagnostics, to detect specific IgE to single‐allergen molecules and to distinguish the causative molecules from those merely cross‐reactive, pursuit of patient's treatable traits addressing genetic, phenotypic, and psychosocial features, and omics, such as proteomics, epi‐genomics, metabolomics, and breathomics, to forecast patient's responsiveness to therapies, to detect biomarker and mediators, and to verify the disease control. This new approach has already improved the precision of allergy diagnosis and is likely to significantly increase, through the higher performance achieved with the personalized treatment, the effectiveness of allergen immunotherapy by enhancing its already known and unique characteristics of treatment that acts on the causes.