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Hyper‐IgE in the allergy clinic––when is it primary immunodeficiency?
Author(s) -
Ponsford Mark J.,
Klocperk Adam,
Pulvirenti Federica,
Dalm Virgil A. S. H.,
Milota Tomas,
Cinetto Francesco,
Chovancova Zita,
Rial Manuel J.,
Sediva Anna,
Litzman Jiri,
Agostini Carlo,
Hagen Martin,
Quinti Isabella,
Jolles Stephen
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
allergy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.363
H-Index - 173
eISSN - 1398-9995
pISSN - 0105-4538
DOI - 10.1111/all.13578
Subject(s) - primary immunodeficiency , immunology , medicine , immunodeficiency , immunoglobulin e , intensive care medicine , immune system , antibody
The 2017 International Union of Immunological Societies ( IUIS ) classification recognizes 3 hyper‐IgE syndromes ( HIES ), including the prototypic Job's syndrome (autosomal dominant STAT 3‐loss of function) and autosomal recessive PGM 3 and SPINK 5 syndromes. Early diagnosis of PID can direct life‐saving or transformational interventions; however, it remains challenging owing to the rarity of these conditions. This can result in diagnostic delay and worsen prognosis. Within increasing access to “clinical‐exome” testing, clinicians need to be aware of the implication and rationale for genetic testing, including the benefits and limitations of current therapies. Extreme elevation of serum IgE has been associated with a growing number of PID syndromes including the novel CARD 11 and ZNF 341 deficiencies. Variable elevations in IgE are associated with defects in innate, humoral, cellular and combined immunodeficiency syndromes. Barrier compromise can closely phenocopy these conditions. The aim of this article was to update readers on recent developments at this important interface between allergy and immunodeficiency, highlighting key clinical scenarios which should draw attention to possible immunodeficiency associated with extreme elevation of IgE, and outline initial laboratory assessment and management.