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Biomarkers for monitoring clinical efficacy of allergen immunotherapy for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic asthma: an EAACI Position Paper
Author(s) -
Shamji M. H.,
Kappen J. H.,
Akdis M.,
JensenJarolim E.,
Knol E. F.,
KleineTebbe J.,
Bohle B.,
Chaker A. M.,
Till S. J.,
Valenta R.,
Poulsen L. K.,
Calderon M. A.,
Demoly P.,
Pfaar O.,
Jacobsen L.,
Durham S. R.,
SchmidtWeber C. B.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
allergy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.363
H-Index - 173
eISSN - 1398-9995
pISSN - 0105-4538
DOI - 10.1111/all.13138
Subject(s) - medicine , immunoglobulin e , allergen immunotherapy , immunology , asthma , basophil activation , allergy , clinical trial , biomarker , provocation test , immunotherapy , allergen , basophil , immune system , antibody , pathology , biochemistry , chemistry , alternative medicine
Abstract Background Allergen immunotherapy ( AIT ) is an effective treatment for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis ( AR ) with or without asthma. It is important to note that due to the complex interaction between patient, allergy triggers, symptomatology and vaccines used for AIT , some patients do not respond optimally to the treatment. Furthermore, there are no validated or generally accepted candidate biomarkers that are predictive of the clinical response to AIT . Clinical management of patients receiving AIT and efficacy in randomised controlled trials for drug development could be enhanced by predictive biomarkers. Method The EAACI taskforce reviewed all candidate biomarkers used in clinical trials of AR patients with/without asthma in a literature review. Biomarkers were grouped into seven domains: (i) IgE (total IgE, specific IgE and sIgE /Total IgE ratio), (ii) IgG‐subclasses ( sIgG 1, sIgG 4 including SI gE/IgG4 ratio), (iii) Serum inhibitory activity for IgE (IgE‐ FAB and IgE‐ BF ), (iv) Basophil activation, (v) Cytokines and Chemokines, (vi) Cellular markers (T regulatory cells, B regulatory cells and dendritic cells) and (vii) In vivo biomarkers (including provocation tests?). Results All biomarkers were reviewed in the light of their potential advantages as well as their respective drawbacks. Unmet needs and specific recommendations on all seven domains were addressed. Conclusions It is recommended to explore the use of allergen‐specific IgG4 as a biomarker for compliance. sIgE / tIgE and IgE‐FAB are considered as potential surrogate candidate biomarkers. Cytokine/chemokines and cellular reponses provided insight into the mechanisms of AIT. More studies for confirmation and interpretation of the possible association with the clinical response to AIT are needed.