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Six years without pholcodine; Norwegians are significantly less IgE‐sensitized and clinically more tolerant to neuromuscular blocking agents
Author(s) -
Pater G. H.,
Florvaag E.,
Johansson S. G. O.,
Irgens Å.,
Petersen M. N. H.,
Guttormsen A. B.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
allergy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.363
H-Index - 173
eISSN - 1398-9995
pISSN - 0105-4538
DOI - 10.1111/all.13081
Subject(s) - medicine , anaphylaxis , sensitization , rocuronium , neuromuscular blocking agents , immunoglobulin e , anesthesia , allergy , antibody , immunology , propofol
Background As a strong inducer of IgE antibodies to substituted ammonium ion epitopes ( QAI ), pholcodine ( PHO ) is a postulated cause of allergic anaphylaxis to neuromuscular blocking agents ( NMBA s). Three years after withdrawal of PHO in Norway, a significant reduction in IgE sensitization and anaphylaxis reporting was seen. Objective Six‐year follow‐up study on the effects of PHO withdrawal on IgE sensitization and anaphylaxis reporting. Methods From 650 acute consecutive reports (2005–2013) to the Norwegian Network for Anaphylaxis under Anaesthesia ( NARA ), total number of reports on suspected anaphylactic reactions, number of reactions where NMBA s were administered, number of reactions where serum IgE antibodies (≥0.35 kU A /l) to suxamethonium ( SUX ) and PHO were present at time of reaction and anaphylaxis severity grades were retrieved. In addition, NMBA sales and prevalence of IgE sensitization to PHO and SUX among ‘allergics’ were monitored. Results From baseline period P0 ( PHO on the market) through the first (P1) and second (P2), three‐year periods after withdrawal, significant falls in total reports ( P < 0.001) and reports with IgE antibodies to PHO ( P = 0.008) and SUX ( P = 0.001) at time of reaction were found. Total NMBA sales in P2 were 83% of P0, and SUX and rocuronium ( ROC ) together made up 86% of sales throughout the study. Five NMBA ‐related anaphylactic deaths occurred during P0 and P1 and, however, none during P2. Prevalence of IgE sensitization to SUX in ‘allergics’ fell to 0% at 4 and 5 years after withdrawal. Conclusions Six years after PHO withdrawal, the Norwegian population has become significantly less IgE‐sensitized and clinically more tolerant to NMBA s.