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Exaggerated IDO 1 expression and activity in Langerhans cells from patients with atopic dermatitis upon viral stimulation: a potential predictive biomarker for high risk of Eczema herpeticum
Author(s) -
Staudacher A.,
Hinz T.,
Novak N.,
Bubnoff D.,
Bieber T.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
allergy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.363
H-Index - 173
eISSN - 1398-9995
pISSN - 0105-4538
DOI - 10.1111/all.12699
Subject(s) - atopic dermatitis , biomarker , immunology , medicine , indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase , immunopathology , langerhans cell , stimulation , biology , immune system , tryptophan , biochemistry , amino acid
Background Atopic dermatitis ( AD ) is a heterogenous and highly complex disease characterized by an increased microbial colonization. For unknown reasons, a subgroup of patients with AD develops Eczema herpeticum ( EH ), a severe viral complication due to spreading of herpes simplex virus ( HSV ). Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase ( IDO 1) is a tryptophan (Trp)‐catabolizing enzyme which is assumed to be instrumental in the antibacterial and antiviral defence mechanisms. Methods Comparative investigation of the IDO 1 expression and activity in freshly isolated monocytes, plasmacytoid DC ( pDC ) and in vitro ‐generated Langerhans cells ( LC ) obtained from AD patients with HSV infections and EH and nonatopic controls. Results We demonstrate an increase in Trp degradation in the serum of patients during acute EH episodes. Circulating pDC from patients with history of EH display an increased IDO 1 expression. An increased Trp degradation is detected in the supernatants of circulating monocytes from AD patients with acute EH . Mature LC from AD patients with history of EH and with acute EH display an increased IDO 1 expression and activity, respectively. In LC from patients with history of EH , viral signals induce an exaggerated IDO 1 expression and activity. Conclusion IDO 1 expression and activity in LC seem to be involved in the pathophysiology of EH in AD and could represent a predictive biomarker for patients with risk to develop EH and other viral complications.