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Outbreaks associated with treated recreational water — United States, 2015–2019
Author(s) -
Hlavsa Michele C.,
Aluko Samaria K.,
Miller Allison D.,
Person John,
Gerdes Megan E.,
Lee Sooji,
Laco Joseph P.,
Hannapel Elizabeth J.,
Hill Vincent R.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
american journal of transplantation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.89
H-Index - 188
eISSN - 1600-6143
pISSN - 1600-6135
DOI - 10.1111/ajt.16037
Subject(s) - outbreak , medicine , recreation , legionella , cryptosporidium , environmental health , public health , legionnaires' disease , legionella pneumophila , virology , microbiology and biotechnology , ecology , pathology , feces , genetics , bacteria , biology
This article describes 208 outbreaks associated with recreational water exposures in the U.S., the majority of which were due to either Cryptosporidium or Legionella infections and were primarily reported after exposure to public (i.e., nonbackyard) recreational water. These outbreaks resulted in 3646 cases of illness, 286 hospitalizations, and 13 deaths; all deaths were due to Legionella infection. Most outbreaks began between June and August each year, suggesting that solid organ transplant candidates and recipients should be mindful of the risks associated with public recreational water, particularly during the summer months.