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The Role of Lymphoid Neogenesis in Allografts
Author(s) -
Hsiao H.M.,
Li W.,
Gelman A. E.,
Krupnick A. S.,
Kreisel D.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
american journal of transplantation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.89
H-Index - 188
eISSN - 1600-6143
pISSN - 1600-6135
DOI - 10.1111/ajt.13645
Subject(s) - alloimmunity , immunology , neogenesis , immune system , lymphatic system , transplantation , medicine , foxp3 , inflammation , islet , surgery , insulin , endocrinology
De novo induction of organized lymphoid aggregates at nonlymphoid sites has been observed in many chronic inflammatory conditions where foreign antigens such as infectious agents, autoantigens or alloantigens, persist. The prevailing opinion in the field of transplantation is that lymphoid neogenesis within allografts is detrimental to the establishment of immune tolerance. These structures, commonly referred to as tertiary lymphoid organs ( TLO s), are thought to contribute to graft rejection by generating and propagating local alloimmune responses. However, recent studies have shown that TLO s rich in regulatory Foxp3 + cells are present in long‐term accepting allografts. The notion that TLO s can contribute to the local downregulation of immune responses has been corroborated in other chronic inflammation models. These findings suggest that contrary to previous suggestions that the induction of TLO s in allografts is necessarily harmful, the induction of “tolerogenic” TLO s may prove advantageous. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of how TLO s are induced and how they regulate immune responses with a particular focus on alloimmunity.