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Biological Implications of Extracellular Adenosine in Hepatic Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury
Author(s) -
Zimmerman M. A.,
Kam I.,
Eltzschig H.,
Grenz A.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
american journal of transplantation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.89
H-Index - 188
eISSN - 1600-6143
pISSN - 1600-6135
DOI - 10.1111/ajt.12398
Subject(s) - adenosine , medicine , adenosine receptor , extracellular , ischemia , adenosine a3 receptor , reperfusion injury , purinergic signalling , pharmacology , hypoxia (environmental) , transplantation , vasodilation , adenosine kinase , adenosine deaminase , microbiology and biotechnology , endocrinology , biology , receptor , chemistry , agonist , organic chemistry , oxygen
The purine nucleoside adenosine is clinically employed in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia. In addition, it has direct coronary vasodilatory effects, and may influence platelet aggregation. Experimental observations mechanistically link extracellular adenosine to cellular adaptation to hypoxia. Adenosine generation has been implicated in several pathophysiologic processes including angiogenesis, tumor defenses and neurodegeneration. In solid organ transplantation, prolonged tissue ischemia and subsequent reperfusion injury may lead to profound graft dysfunction. Importantly, conditions of limited oxygen availability are associated with increased production of extracellular adenosine and subsequent tissue protection. Within the rapidly expanding field of adenosine biology, several enzymatic steps in adenosine production have been characterized and multiple receptor subtypes have been identified. In this review, we briefly examine the biologic steps involved in adenosine generation and chronicle the current state of adenosine signaling in hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury.