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Racial Differences in Determinants of Live Donor Kidney Transplantation in the United States
Author(s) -
Purnell T. S.,
Xu P.,
Leca N.,
Hall Y. N.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
american journal of transplantation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.89
H-Index - 188
eISSN - 1600-6143
pISSN - 1600-6135
DOI - 10.1111/ajt.12258
Subject(s) - medicine , pacific islanders , demography , ethnic group , socioeconomic status , health equity , gerontology , kidney transplantation , transplantation , kidney disease , public health , environmental health , population , pathology , anthropology , sociology
Few studies have compared determinants of live donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) across all major US racial‐ethnic groups. We compared determinants of racial‐ethnic differences in LDKT among 208 736 patients who initiated treatment for end‐stage kidney disease during 2005–2008. We performed proportional hazards and bootstrap analyses to estimate differences in LDKT attributable to sociodemographic and clinical factors. Mean LDKT rates were lowest among blacks (1.19 per 100 person‐years [95% CI: 1.12–1.26]), American Indians/Alaska Natives‐AI/ANs (1.40 [1.06–1.84]) and Pacific Islanders (1.10 [0.78–1.84]), intermediate among Hispanics (2.53 [2.39–2.67]) and Asians (3.89 [3.51–4.32]), and highest among whites (6.46 [6.31–6.61]). Compared with whites, the largest proportion of the disparity among blacks (20%) and AI/ANs (29%) was attributed to measures of predialysis care, while the largest proportion among Hispanics (14%) was attributed to health insurance coverage. Contextual poverty accounted for 16%, 4%, 18%, and 6% of the disparity among blacks, Hispanics, AI/ANs and Pacific Islanders but none of the disparity among Asians. In the United States, significant disparities in rates of LDKT persist, but determinants of these disparities vary by race‐ethnicity. Efforts to expand preESKD insurance coverage, to improve access to high‐quality predialysis care and to overcome socioeconomic barriers are important targets for addressing disparities in LDKT.