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Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections in Solid Organ Transplantation
Author(s) -
Keating M. R.,
Daly J. S.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
american journal of transplantation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.89
H-Index - 188
eISSN - 1600-6143
pISSN - 1600-6135
DOI - 10.1111/ajt.12101
Subject(s) - medicine , nontuberculous mycobacteria , solid organ , transplantation , organ transplantation , immunology , immunity , disease , infectious disease (medical specialty) , pathology , mycobacterium , immune system , tuberculosis
With the availability of advanced microbiologic techniques for the detection and identification of nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) over the last 10 years, the number of NTM species has swelled to over 125 (1). Over half of these have the potential to cause human disease, but fewer than two dozen account for most reported cases. Due to impaired cell-mediated immunity, transplant recipients are susceptible to infection with these organisms. There are no prospective studies or registries of these infections, so our understanding of these infections in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients comes from case reports and a few case series (2–7). While relatively rare compared to other posttransplant infections, these infections are important due to the difficulty in establishing the diagnosis, the need for multidrug, long-term treatment and the interaction between treatment regimens and the drugs used to prevent rejection. This guideline will focus on the common NTM causing infection following transplantation including Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC), M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. haemophilum and the rapid growing mycobacteria (RGM): M. fortuitum, M. chelonae and M. abscessus. The most frequently encountered species causing pulmonary disease include M. avium complex, M. kansasii, M. xenopi and M. abscessus (6).