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Celiac disease and reproductive failures: An update on pathogenic mechanisms
Author(s) -
Di Simone Nicoletta,
Gratta Matteo,
Castellani Roberta,
D’Ippolito Silvia,
Specchia Monia,
Scambia Giovanni,
Tersigni Chiara
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
american journal of reproductive immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.071
H-Index - 97
eISSN - 1600-0897
pISSN - 1046-7408
DOI - 10.1111/aji.13334
Subject(s) - malabsorption , disease , medicine , immunology , immune system , inflammatory bowel disease , inflammation , gluten , bioinformatics , gastroenterology , biology , pathology
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder that occurs in genetically predisposed people in which the ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine that clinically presents with malabsorption‐related symptoms. CD can also be the underlying cause of several non‐gastrointestinal symptoms. This review summarizes evidence on the relationship between CD and gynecological/obstetric disorders like reproductive failures. Although much has been reported on such a linkage, the pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear, especially those underlying extra‐gastrointestinal clinical manifestations. Studies conducted on celiac subjects presenting gynecological/obstetric disorders have pointed to intestinal malabsorption, coagulation alterations, immune‐mediated tissue damage, and endometrial inflammation as the main responsible pathogenic mechanisms. Currently, however, the knowledge of such mechanisms is insufficient, and further studies are needed to gain a more thorough understanding of the matter.