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Recurrent pregnancy loss and vitamin D: A review of the literature
Author(s) -
Gonçalves Daniela Reis,
Braga António,
Braga Jorge,
Marinho António
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
american journal of reproductive immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.071
H-Index - 97
eISSN - 1600-0897
pISSN - 1046-7408
DOI - 10.1111/aji.13022
Subject(s) - calcitriol receptor , vitamin d and neurology , pregnancy , preeclampsia , immune system , gestational diabetes , medicine , endocrinology , placental insufficiency , vitamin d deficiency , endometrium , vitamin , diabetes mellitus , abortion , fetus , gestation , physiology , biology , placenta , immunology , genetics
Recurrent pregnancy loss ( RPL ) affects approximately 1%‐2% of reproductive women. Auto‐ and cellular immune responses seem to be associated with RPL . Vitamin D ( VD ) has been shown to play a role in the modulation of the immune system. Effects of VD deficiency ( VDD ) in pregnancy have been associated with preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, fetal growth restriction, preterm labor, and sporadic spontaneous abortion ( SA ). We systematically reviewed articles that studied women with 2 or more SA and its association with VD . Eleven studies were included. Studies reported a high prevalence of VD insufficiency ( VDI ) or VDD in women with RPL and suggested that this could be associated with immunological dysregulation and consequently with RPL . Immunological benefits were reported in the peripheral blood of women with RPL after VD exposure. Thus, it is possible to speculate a beneficial role for VD supplementation in RPL . It seems that there are not differences in the vitamin D receptor ( VDR ) and CYP 27B1 expression in endometrium of women with RPL but, in villous and decidual tissues, RPL women seem to have a decreased expression of VDR and, perhaps, a decreased expression of CYP 27B1. Further randomized controlled studies are required to investigate the association between VDD or VDI and RPL .