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The XX Sex Chromosome Complement is Required in Male and Female Mice for Enhancement of Immunity Induced by Exposure to 3,4‐Dichloropropionanilide
Author(s) -
Holásková Ida,
Franko Jennifer,
Goodman Robert L.,
Arnold Arthur P.,
Schafer Rosana
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
american journal of reproductive immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.071
H-Index - 97
eISSN - 1600-0897
pISSN - 1046-7408
DOI - 10.1111/aji.12378
Subject(s) - immune system , biology , testosterone propionate , endocrinology , medicine , immunity , immunology , hormone , androgen
Problem The chemical propanil enhances antibody responses to a heat‐killed Streptococcus pneumoniae ( HKSP ) vaccine. The enhanced response is dependent on gonads in females, but independent of gonads in males. The sex differences in the immune response may be due to sexual differentiation of the immune system or sex chromosome complement. Method of study To test the hypothesis that the immune system is sexually differentiated, newborn C57 BL /6 pups were treated with testosterone propionate ( TP ) or placebo. The role of sex chromosome complement was investigated using the 4‐core genotypes ( FCG ) model of XXF and XYF gonadal females (ovaries), and XXM and XYM gonadal males (testes). For some experiments, mice were gonadectomized or sham gonadectomized. All mice were vaccinated with HKSP , treated with propanil, and the antibody response determined at day seven. Results Neonatal TP did not alter the response to HKSP . In FCG mice, propanil significantly enhanced the immune response in XXF females and XXM males, but not in XYF females or XYM males. Conclusion The immune system of females was not masculinized by neonatal TP treatment. Sex chromosome complement significantly contributes to the sexually dimorphic immune response after propanil exposure.