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Toll‐like Receptor‐Mediated Responses by Placental Hofbauer Cells ( HBC s): A Potential Pro‐Inflammatory Role for Fetal M2 Macrophages
Author(s) -
Young Omar M.,
Tang Zhonghua,
NivenFairchild Tracy,
Tadesse Serkalem,
Krikun Graciela,
Norwitz Errol R.,
Mor Gil,
Abrahams Vikki M.,
Guller Seth
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
american journal of reproductive immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.071
H-Index - 97
eISSN - 1600-0897
pISSN - 1046-7408
DOI - 10.1111/aji.12336
Subject(s) - flow cytometry , inflammation , toll like receptor , placenta , secretion , receptor , umbilical vein , immunohistochemistry , immunology , cytokine , macrophage , fetus , biology , chemistry , immune system , medicine , in vitro , endocrinology , innate immune system , pregnancy , biochemistry , genetics
Problem Microbial‐driven responses in placenta are linked with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The role of Toll‐like receptor ( TLR ) function in Hofbauer cells ( HBC s) and fetal macrophages of the placental villous core remains understudied. Method of Study Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to establish the phenotype of HBCs. Regulation of cytokine secretion in response to treatment with TLR agonists and expression levels of TLRs and co‐activators were compared in HBCs, placental fibroblasts (FIBs), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using ELISA and qPCR . Results Although flow cytometry and IHC revealed HBC s to be M2 (anti‐inflammatory) macrophages, LPS and polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] treatments markedly enhanced IL ‐6 secretion by HBC s, and expression of TLR ‐2, TLR ‐3, TLR ‐4, CD 14, and MD ‐2 was the highest in HBC s. Conclusion These results indicate that although HBC s are M2 macrophages, inflammatory responses are induced through TLR ‐3 and TLR ‐4 in this cell type, suggesting a role in microbial‐driven placental/fetal inflammation.