Impact of CD 4+ Lymphocytes and HIV Infection on Anti‐Müllerian Hormone Levels in a Large Cohort of HIV ‐infected and HIV ‐uninfected Women

Problem Effects of HIV infection on ovarian function and aging are unclear. Method of study Anti‐Müllerian Hormone ( AMH ) levels were analyzed in 2621 HIV ‐infected and 941 uninfected participants using left‐censored longitudinal models. Results Age‐adjusted AMH levels were 16% lower in women with undetectable viraemia and 26% lower in detectable viraemia, relative to uninfected women. Current CD 4 count associated with higher AMH in both HIV ‐infected and HIV ‐uninfected women. After controlling for current and nadir CD 4, AMH was ~15% higher in HIV ‐infected relative to uninfected women, regardless of HIV viraemia. Gravidity, amenorrhea, and nadir total lymphocyte counts associated with higher AMH ; hormonal contraceptive use and past weight loss associated with lower AMH . Conclusions CD 4 +  lymphocyte counts were associated with AMH in both HIV ‐infected and uninfected women. After adjustment for CD 4 counts and age, HIV infection was associated with higher AMH . CD 4 T cells and cellular activation may influence ovarian granulosa cell function.