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Interleukin‐10: A Pleiotropic Regulator in Pregnancy
Author(s) -
Cheng ShiBin,
Sharma Surendra
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
american journal of reproductive immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.071
H-Index - 97
eISSN - 1600-0897
pISSN - 1046-7408
DOI - 10.1111/aji.12329
Subject(s) - autocrine signalling , immune system , biology , immunology , cytokine , signal transduction , immune tolerance , microbiology and biotechnology , receptor , biochemistry
Pregnancy is a unique and well‐choreographed physiological process that involves intricate interplay of inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory milieu, hormonal changes, and cellular and molecular events at the maternal–fetal interface. IL ‐10 is a pregnancy compatible cytokine that plays a vital role in maintaining immune tolerance. A wide array of cell types including both immune and non‐immune cells secret IL ‐10 in an autocrine and paracrine manner. IL ‐10 binds to a specific receptor complex and activates JAK ‐ STAT and PI 3K‐Akt signaling pathways while inhibiting NF ‐κB signaling pathway. IL ‐10 exerts its anti‐inflammatory effects mainly by decreasing pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL ‐1, IL ‐6, IL ‐12, and TNF ‐α, by inducing heme oxygenase‐1, and by inhibiting antigen presentation via blocking major histocompatibility complex ( MHC ) class II expression. Prior studies from our group and others have shown that IL ‐10 also functions as a potent protector against vascular dysfunction, and enhancement of IL ‐10 may serve as an immunotherapeutic intervention to treat adverse pregnancy outcomes. This review seeks to critically evaluate the archetypal functions of IL ‐10 as an immune suppressive factor as well as its novel functions as a vascular protector and modulator of endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) stress and autophagy in the context of normal and adverse pregnancy outcomes.