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Plasma TNF ‐α Levels are Higher in Early Pregnancy in Patients with Secondary Compared with Primary Recurrent Miscarriage
Author(s) -
Piosik Zofia Maria,
Goegebeur Yuri,
Klitkou Louise,
Steffensen Rudi,
Christiansen Ole Bjarne
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
american journal of reproductive immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.071
H-Index - 97
eISSN - 1600-0897
pISSN - 1046-7408
DOI - 10.1111/aji.12135
Subject(s) - miscarriage , recurrent miscarriage , obstetrics , medicine , pregnancy , primary (astronomy) , live birth , gynecology , biology , physics , genetics , astronomy
Problem Specific pro‐inflammatory cytokine profiles in plasma may characterize women with recurrent miscarriage ( RM ) but the dynamics of the cytokine profiles with progressing pregnancy is largely unknown. Method of study Plasma was repeatedly sampled in the first trimester from 47 RM patients. The concentrations of five cytokines including tumour necrosis factor alpha ( TNF ‐α) were measured. TNF ‐α levels were correlated to carriage of five TNFA promoter polymorphisms. Results TNF ‐α levels increased ( P = 0.014) with progressing pregnancy, with higher levels in secondary than primary RM ( P = 0.042) but with no significant impact on outcome. Carriage of TNFA ‐863C and TNFA ‐1031T was associated with higher TNF ‐α levels, and the former was found more often in secondary than primary RM ( P < 0.02). Conclusion Plasma TNF ‐α levels increase during early pregnancy in RM women regardless of outcome, but are higher in secondary than primary RM , which may be partly genetically determined.