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Mutual Help Networks and Social Transformation in J apan
Author(s) -
Onda Morio
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
american journal of economics and sociology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.199
H-Index - 38
eISSN - 1536-7150
pISSN - 0002-9246
DOI - 10.1111/ajes.12021
Subject(s) - modernization theory , mutual aid , tragedy of the commons , modernity , reciprocity (cultural anthropology) , indigenous , social transformation , commons , mutual recognition , sociology , social order , social change , political science , political economy , social science , law , economics , ecology , politics , international trade , biology
Abstract J apanese society has changed from the past as a result of modernization. However, there is one aspect of social action that has persisted at least in spirit. The purpose of the article is to show how traditional mutual help remains important, has been transformed in the transition to modernity, and has contributed to the continuing development of Japanese society. Mutual help can be divided into three types: yui , reciprocity through exchanging labor; moyai , redistribution based on a common store of goods and resources; and tetsudai , nonreciprocal support in social rites of passage. While these customs have almost disappeared from modern life, the tradition of mutual help is still manifest in some modern civic activities. The social system of mutual help arose from indigenous conditions in order to overcome the “tragedy of the commons.” Modern society might do well to reconsider such mutual help networks in search of ways of solving both public and private social problems in J apan and overseas as well.