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Recognition and management of the gastrointestinal and hepatic immune‐related adverse events
Author(s) -
Tan Bei,
Li Yue,
Xu Yan,
Chen Minjiang,
Wang Mengzhao,
Qian Jiaming
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
asia‐pacific journal of clinical oncology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.73
H-Index - 29
eISSN - 1743-7563
pISSN - 1743-7555
DOI - 10.1111/ajco.13317
Subject(s) - immune system , adverse effect , medicine , intensive care medicine , immunology
Immunotherapy is revolutionizing the treatment paradigm for a broad spectrum of malignancies. However, the immune checkpoint inhibitors also cause a unique set of toxicities. In the digestive system, this has consisted for the most part as colitis and hepatotoxicity, but also include less‐common manifestations. Baseline screening, early identification, timely diagnosis, rapid and adequate treatment can significantly minimize the toxicity of immunotherapy and improve prognosis. This article provides a comprehensive review of gastrointestinal and hepatic immune‐related toxicities, including incidence, mechanism, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment, and guidelines for resumption of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.