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Influence of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the IFNG towards susceptibility to tuberculosis in a Pakistani population
Author(s) -
Naz AsmaGul,
Ali Muhammad,
Aslam Muhammad Assad,
Khan Abrar Ul Haq,
Manzoor Hamid,
Iqbal Rehana,
Shehzad Muhammad Ahmed,
Ahmad Shahbaz,
Shaheen Zubair,
Rasul Sumaira
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
annals of human genetics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.537
H-Index - 77
eISSN - 1469-1809
pISSN - 0003-4800
DOI - 10.1111/ahg.12325
Subject(s) - genotype , allele , tuberculosis , single nucleotide polymorphism , odds ratio , genetics , disease , allele frequency , biology , genotype frequency , population , polymorphism (computer science) , genetic predisposition , drug resistance , immunology , medicine , environmental health , pathology , gene
Tuberculosis (TB) is a global issue as one‐third of the population worldwide is considered to be infected. TB has become a critical public health problem as a result of increasing drug resistance, which poses a challenge to current control strategies. Similar to environmental factors, genetic makeup of the host equally contributes to disease onset. We performed genotypic analysis to examine the relationship between IFNG and TB onset and drug resistance in a Pakistani population comprising 689 subjects. Notable differences were observed in the IFNG polymorphism (+874T/A) between the case and control groups. The frequency of the wild‐type genotype (TT) in the controls (43.2%) was significantly higher than in the cases (25.3%) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.77, p < 0.0001), while the mutant genotype frequency (AA) (38.57%) in the cases was significantly higher than in the controls (22.6%) (OR = 1.46, p < 0.0001). The heterozygous genotype frequency (TA) did not significantly differ between the control and case groups. Compared with the controls, the variant allele (A) was approximately twice as frequent in the cases. Females and older people have a higher chance of disease development. Finally, the IFNG (+874T/A) polymorphism was not associated with drug sensitivity or resistance. However, a genotypic polymorphism of IFNG (+874T/A) was significantly associated with susceptibility to TB, and the T allele conferred protection against TB. Additional studies involving larger cohorts are needed to further explore this relationship between genetics and disease vulnerability.