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Angiogenesis in The Ovary – The Most Important Regulatory Event for Follicle and Corpus Luteum Development and Function in Cow – An Overview
Author(s) -
Berisha B.,
Schams D.,
Rodler D.,
Pfaffl M. W.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
anatomia, histologia, embryologia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.34
H-Index - 35
eISSN - 1439-0264
pISSN - 0340-2096
DOI - 10.1111/ahe.12180
Subject(s) - corpus luteum , angiogenesis , theca interna , antral follicle , follicle , medicine , vascular endothelial growth factor , endocrinology , luteal phase , ovary , biology , theca , estrous cycle , luteolysis , follicular phase , basic fibroblast growth factor , hypoxia inducible factors , andrology , growth factor , vegf receptors , receptor , biochemistry , gene
Summary In the ovary, the development of new capillaries from pre‐existing ones (angiogenesis) is a complex event regulated by numerous local factors. The dominant regulators of angiogenesis in ovarian follicles and corpora lutea are the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ), fibroblast growth factor ( FGF ), insulin‐like growth factor ( IGF ), angiopoietin ( ANPT ) and hypoxia‐inducible factor ( HIF ) family members. Antral follicles in our study were classified according to the oestradiol‐17‐beta (E2) content in follicular fluid ( FF ) and were divided into five classes (E2 < 0.5, 0.5–5, 5–20, 20–180 and >180 ng/ml FF ). The corresponding sizes of follicles were 5–7, 8–10, 10–13, 12–14 and >14 mm, respectively. Follicle tissue was separated in theca interna ( TI ) and granulosa cells ( GC ). The corpora lutea ( CL ) in our study were assigned to the following stages: days 1–2, 3–4, 5–7, 8–12 13–16 and >18 of the oestrous cycle and months 1–2, 3–4, 6–7 and >8 of pregnancy. The dominant regulators were measured at mRNA and protein expression levels; mRNA was quantified by RT ‐ qPCR , hormone concentrations by RIA or EIA and their localization by immunohistochemistry. The highest expression for VEGF ‐A, FGF ‐2, IGF ‐1 and IGF ‐2, ANPT ‐2/ ANPT ‐1 and HIF ‐1‐alpha was found during final follicle maturation and in CL during the early luteal phase (days 1–4) followed by a lower plateau afterwards. The results suggest the importance of these factors for angiogenesis and maintenance of capillary structures for final follicle maturation, CL development and function.