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Phenology and flight periodicity of Sirex noctilio ( H ymenoptera: S iricidae) in central N ew Y ork, U.S.A.
Author(s) -
Myers Scott W.,
Zylstra Kelley E.,
Francese Joseph A.,
Borchert Daniel M.,
Bailey Sian M.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
agricultural and forest entomology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.755
H-Index - 55
eISSN - 1461-9563
pISSN - 1461-9555
DOI - 10.1111/afe.12042
Subject(s) - phenology , biology , zoology , pinus <genus> , horticulture , ecology , botany
Field and laboratory studies were performed to determine the phenology of flight activity and the thermal requirements for adult emergence of Sirex noctilio . Degree‐day (DD) accumulation from egg to adult was measured in bolts of Pinus sylvestris infested with eggs from laboratory‐reared adults. Adult emergence was similarly monitored in bolts from trees that were naturally infested in the field by wild populations of S. noctilio reared at constant temperature. Laboratory‐infested bolts produced mostly males, whereas field‐collected material produced a 2.7 : 1 male‐biased sex ratio. Mean DDs to emergence was 1477.0 ± 13.4 (males) in laboratory‐infested bolts, as well as 1455.2 ± 11.2 (males) and 1577.8 ± 19.5 (females) in field‐collected material. Field‐trapping studies were conducted to compare flight activity with rearing data. Trap captures showed first flight activity and peak catch occurred at 709 and 1145 DDs . The resulting degree‐day model predicts early flight activity in early to mid‐ A pril for pine stands in southeastern U.S .A., early to mid‐ M ay in the M id‐ A tlantic region, and late J une to early J uly in the n ortheast.