Histological analysis of different local haemostatic agents used for periapical surgery: An experimental study with Sprague‐Dawley rats

The aim of the present study was to analyse differences in the tissue response to the different haemostatic agents used for periapical surgery (BloodSTOP iX ® (oxicellulose), Expazen ® (aluminum chloride), calcium sulphate (CS), Gelatamp ® (gelatin sponge) and Hemocor ® (ferric sulphate). Seventy‐two bone defects were made on the calvarium of 36 Sprague‐Dawley rats. The specimens were euthanised at 3, 6 and 12 weeks. Histological analysis revealed a giant cell foreign body reaction against BloodStop iX ® , Gelatamp ® and Hemocor ® . Leukocytes persisted at the surgical bed during the healing process longer as expected with Gelatamp ® (6 weeks) and Hemocor® (12 weeks). We confirmed a generalised delay in bone formation. Calcium sulphate did not cause any foreign body reaction. CS showed excellent results with a high degree of compatibility, there was no inflammatory reaction with this agent after 12 weeks and was not associated with a significant foreign body reaction at any time during the study.