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Increased non‐fatal overdose risk associated with involuntary drug treatment in a longitudinal study with people who inject drugs
Author(s) -
Rafful Claudia,
Orozco Ricardo,
Rangel Gudelia,
Davidson Peter,
Werb Dan,
Beletsky Leo,
Strathdee Steffanie A.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
addiction
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.424
H-Index - 193
eISSN - 1360-0443
pISSN - 0965-2140
DOI - 10.1111/add.14159
Subject(s) - medicine , tranquilizer , odds ratio , heroin , drug overdose , confidence interval , poison control , drug , odds , emergency medicine , psychiatry , logistic regression
Aim To assess the effect of involuntary drug treatment (IDT) on non‐fatal overdose among people who inject drugs (PWID). Design Longitudinal study. Setting Tijuana, Mexico. Participants Baseline sample of 671 PWID included 258 (38.4%) women and 413 (61.6%) men. Measurements Primary independent variables were reported recent (i.e. past 6 months) non‐fatal overdose event (dependent variable) and IDT. Substance use the day of the non‐fatal overdose was also examined. Findings From 2011 to 2017, 213 participants (31.7%) reported a recent non‐fatal overdose and 103 (15.4%) reported recent IDT. Heroin, in combination with methamphetamine and tranquilizers, were the drugs most reported at the day of the event. IDT significantly increased the odds of reporting a non‐fatal overdose event [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.76; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04–2.96]. Odds of non‐fatal overdose also increased independently for each additional injection per day (aOR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.02–1.08), recent tranquilizer use (aOR = 1.92; 95% CI = 1.41–2.61) and using hit doctors (aOR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.29–2.18) and decreased with age (aOR = 0.97 per year, 95% CI = 0.95–0.99). Conclusions Recent involuntary drug treatment in Mexico is a risk factor for non‐fatal drug overdose.