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Smoking cessation in smokers who smoke menthol and non‐menthol cigarettes
Author(s) -
Smith Stevens S.,
Fiore Michael C.,
Baker Timothy B.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
addiction
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.424
H-Index - 193
eISSN - 1360-0443
pISSN - 0965-2140
DOI - 10.1111/add.12661
Subject(s) - smoking cessation , medicine , menthol , abstinence , bupropion , placebo , odds ratio , confidence interval , randomized controlled trial , nicotine , psychiatry , chemistry , alternative medicine , organic chemistry , pathology
Aims To assess the relations of menthol cigarette use with measures of cessation success in a large comparative effectiveness trial ( CET ). Design Participants were randomized to one of six medication treatment conditions in a randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial. All participants received six individual counseling sessions. Setting Community‐based smokers in two communities in W isconsin, USA . Participants A total of 1504 adult smokers who smoked at least 10 cigarettes per day during the past 6 months and reported being motivated to quit smoking. The analysis sample comprised 1439 participants: 814 white non‐menthol smokers, 439 white menthol smokers and 186 A frican A merican ( AA ) menthol smokers. There were too few AA non‐menthol smokers ( n = 16) to be included in the analyses. Interventions Nicotine lozenge, nicotine patch, bupropion sustained release, nicotine patch + nicotine lozenge, bupropion + nicotine lozenge and placebo. Measurements Biochemically confirmed 7‐day point‐prevalence abstinence assessed at 4, 8 and 26 weeks post‐quit. Findings In longitudinal abstinence analyses (generalized estimating equations) controlling for cessation treatment, menthol smoking was associated with reduced likelihood of smoking cessation success relative to non‐menthol smoking [model‐based estimates of abstinence = 31 versus 38%, respectively; odds ratio ( OR ) = 0.71, 95% confidence interval ( CI ) = 0.59, 0.86]. In addition, among menthol smokers, AA women were at especially high risk of cessation failure relative to white women (estimated abstinence = 17 versus 35%, respectively; OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.75, 3.96; estimated abstinence rates for AA males and white males were both 30%, OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.60, 1.66). Conclusion In the United States, smoking menthol cigarettes appears to be associated with reduced cessation success compared with non‐menthol smoking, especially in A frican A merican females.