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Future orientation and smoking cessation: secondary analysis of data from a smoking cessation trial
Author(s) -
Beenstock Jane,
LindsonHawley Nicola,
Aveyard Paul,
Adams Jean
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
addiction
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.424
H-Index - 193
eISSN - 1360-0443
pISSN - 0965-2140
DOI - 10.1111/add.12621
Subject(s) - smoking cessation , abstinence , medicine , confidence interval , confounding , odds ratio , demography , randomized controlled trial , nicotine , cohort , psychiatry , pathology , sociology
Abstract Aims To examine the association between future orientation (how individuals consider and value outcomes in the future) and smoking cessation at 4 weeks and 6 months post quit‐date in individuals enrolled in a smoking cessation study. Design Cohort analysis of randomized controlled trial data. Setting UK primary care. Participants Adults aged ≥18 years smoking ≥15 cigarettes daily, prepared to quit in the next 2 weeks. Measurements Future orientation was measured prior to quitting and at 4 weeks post‐quitting using the C onsideration of F uture C onsequences S cale. Smoking cessation at 4 weeks and 6 months was confirmed biochemically. Those lost to follow‐up were assumed to not be abstinent. Potential confounders adjusted for were: age, gender, educational attainment, nicotine dependence and longest previous period quit. Findings A total of 697 participants provided data at baseline; 422 provided information on future orientation at 4 weeks. There was no evidence of an association between future orientation at baseline and abstinence at 4 weeks [adjusted odds ratio (a OR ) = 1.05, 95% confidence intervals ( CI ) 0.80–1.38] or 6 months (a OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.60–1.20). There was no change in future orientation from baseline to 4 weeks and no evidence that the change differed between those who were and were not quit at 4 weeks (adjusted regression coefficient = −0.04, 95% CI = −0.16 to 0.08). Conclusions I n smokers who are prepared to quit in the next 2 weeks, the extent of future orientation is unlikely to be a strong predictor of quitting over 4 weeks or 6 months and any increase in future orientation following quitting is likely to be small.