Premium
Parental monitoring trajectories and gambling among a longitudinal cohort of urban youth
Author(s) -
Lee Grace P.,
Stuart Elizabeth A.,
Ialongo Nicholas S.,
Martins Silvia S.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
addiction
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.424
H-Index - 193
eISSN - 1360-0443
pISSN - 0965-2140
DOI - 10.1111/add.12399
Subject(s) - parental monitoring , demography , psychology , odds , young adult , cohort , longitudinal study , monitoring the future , cohort study , gerontology , logistic regression , developmental psychology , medicine , substance abuse , psychiatry , pathology , sociology
Aim To test the strength of the association between parental monitoring trajectories throughout early adolescence (ages 11–14) and gambling behaviours by young adulthood (age 22). Design Longitudinal cohort design. Setting B altimore, M aryland. Participants The sample of 514 participants with gambling data between ages 16–22 and parental monitoring data between ages 11–14 were predominantly A frican A merican and received subsidized lunches at age 6. Measurements The S outh O aks G ambling S creen and S outh O aks G ambling S creen– R evised for A dolescents collected self‐reports on annual gambling and gambling problems between ages 16–22. The P arental M onitoring S ubscale of the S tructured I nterview of P arent M anagement S kills and P ractices– Y outh V ersion collected self‐reports on annual parental monitoring between ages 11–14. Findings General growth mixture modelling identified two parental monitoring trajectories: (i) ‘stable’ class (84.9%) began with a high level of parental monitoring at age 11 that remained steady to age 14; (ii) ‘declining’ class (15.1%) began with a significantly lower level of parental monitoring at age 11 and experienced a significant to through age 14. The declining class had increased significantly unadjusted ( OR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.59, 2.23; P ≤ 0.001) and adjusted (a OR = 1.57; 95% CI = 1.24, 1.99; P = 0.01) odds of problem gambling compared with non‐gambling. Conclusion Low and/or declining parental monitoring of children between the ages of 11 and 14 is associated significantly with problem gambling when those children reach young adulthood.