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Prevalence of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in people with mood disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Author(s) -
Sandstrom Andrea,
Perroud Nader,
Alda Martin,
Uher Rudolf,
Pavlova Barbara
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
acta psychiatrica scandinavica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.849
H-Index - 146
eISSN - 1600-0447
pISSN - 0001-690X
DOI - 10.1111/acps.13283
Subject(s) - major depressive disorder , mood disorders , mood , bipolar disorder , attention deficit hyperactivity disorder , psychiatry , psycinfo , meta analysis , psychology , clinical psychology , medicine , medline , anxiety , political science , law
Objective Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in mood disorders is associated with unfavorable outcomes, including more frequent mood episodes, and increased risk of suicide. The reported prevalence of ADHD in individuals with mood disorders varies widely. Methods We searched PsycInfo and PubMed for articles published before September 21 st , 2020, using search terms for ADHD and mood disorders. We included original data on the prevalence of ADHD in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) or major depressive disorder (MDD). We estimated the prevalence of ADHD, by developmental period and disorder using random‐effects meta‐analyses. We also compared the rate of ADHD in people with MDD and BD, and with and without mood disorders. Results Based on 92 studies including 17089 individuals, prevalence of ADHD in BD is 73% (95% CI 66–79) in childhood, 43% (95% CI 35–50) in adolescence, and 17% (95% CI 14–20) in adulthood. Data from 52 studies with 16897 individuals indicated that prevalence of ADHD in MDD is 28% (95% CI 19–39) in childhood, 17% (95% CI 12–24) in adolescence, and 7% (95% CI 4–11) in adulthood. ADHD was three times more common in people with mood disorders compared to those without and 1.7 times more common in BD compared to MDD. Conclusion People with mood disorders are at a significant risk for ADHD. ADHD should be assessed and treated in individuals with BD and MDD. Comprehensive assessment strategies are needed to address challenges of diagnosing ADHD alongside mood disorders.