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ICD ‐11 PTSD and complex PTSD amongst Syrian refugees in Lebanon: the factor structure and the clinical utility of the International Trauma Questionnaire
Author(s) -
Vallières F.,
Ceannt R.,
Daccache F.,
Abou Daher R.,
Sleiman J.,
Gilmore B.,
Byrne S.,
Shevlin M.,
Murphy J.,
Hyland P.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
acta psychiatrica scandinavica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.849
H-Index - 146
eISSN - 1600-0447
pISSN - 0001-690X
DOI - 10.1111/acps.12973
Subject(s) - refugee , context (archaeology) , confirmatory factor analysis , psychology , clinical psychology , posttraumatic stress , syrian refugees , psychiatry , structural equation modeling , history , paleontology , statistics , mathematics , archaeology , biology
Objective Support for ICD ‐11 post‐traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) and complex PTSD ( CPTSD ) is growing; however, few studies include refugees or examine the clinical utility of PTSD / CPTSD classifications. This study sought to provide the first evaluations of (i) the factor structure of ICD ‐11 PTSD / CPTSD amongst refugees in the Middle East; and (ii) the clinical utility of the International Trauma Questionnaire ( ITQ ) to identify PTSD / CPTSD in a humanitarian context. Method Participants were 112 treatment‐seeking Syrian refugees living in Lebanon. Factorial validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis ( CFA ) based on responses to the ITQ . Clinical utility of the ITQ was assessed through semi‐structured interviews with six Lebanese psychotherapists. Results Complex PTSD (36.1%) was more common than PTSD (25.2%), and no sex or age differences were observed at the prevalence or symptomatic levels. CFA results supported a two‐factor higher‐order model consistent with ICD ‐11 PTSD / CPTSD . Qualitative findings indicated that the ITQ is generally positively regarded, with some limitations and suggested modifications noted. Conclusion This is the first study to support the ICD ‐11 PTSD / CPTSD amongst refugees in the Middle East and the clinical utility of the ITQ in a humanitarian context. Findings support the growing evidence for the cross‐cultural applicability of ICD ‐11 PTSD / CPTSD .