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Insula and amygdala resting‐state functional connectivity differentiate bipolar from unipolar depression
Author(s) -
Ambrosi E.,
Arciniegas D. B.,
Madan A.,
Curtis K. N.,
Patriquin M. A.,
Jorge R. E.,
Spalletta G.,
Fowler J. C.,
Frueh B. C.,
Salas R.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
acta psychiatrica scandinavica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.849
H-Index - 146
eISSN - 1600-0447
pISSN - 0001-690X
DOI - 10.1111/acps.12724
Subject(s) - amygdala , insula , functional connectivity , depression (economics) , resting state fmri , psychology , neuroscience , psychiatry , clinical psychology , macroeconomics , economics
Objective Distinguishing depressive episodes due to bipolar disorder ( BD ) or major depressive disorder ( MDD ) solely on clinical grounds is challenging. We aimed at comparing resting‐state functional connectivity (rs FC ) of regions subserving emotional regulation in similarly depressed BD and MDD . Method We enrolled 76 in‐patients ( BD , n = 36; MDD , n = 40) and 40 healthy controls (HC). A seed‐based approach was used to identify regions showing different rs FC with the insula and the amygdala. Insular and amygdalar parcellations were then performed along with diagnostic accuracy of the main findings. Results Lower rs FC between the left insula and the left mid‐dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and between bilateral insula and right frontopolar prefrontal cortex ( FPPFC ) was observed in BD compared to MDD and HC . These results were driven by the dorsal anterior and posterior insula ( PI ). Lower rs FC between the right amygdala and the left anterior hippocampus was observed in MDD compared to BD and HC . These results were driven by the centromedial and laterobasal amygdala. Left PI /right FPPC rs FC showed 78% accuracy differentiating BD and MDD . Conclusion rs FC of amygdala and insula distinguished between depressed BD and MDD . The observed differences suggest the possibility of differential pathophysiological mechanisms of emotional dysfunction in bipolar and unipolar depression.