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Staging bipolar disorder: clinical, biochemical, and functional correlates
Author(s) -
Grande I.,
Magalhães P. V.,
Chendo I.,
Stertz L.,
Panizutti B.,
Colpo G. D.,
Rosa A. R.,
Gama C. S.,
Kapczinski F.,
Vieta E.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
acta psychiatrica scandinavica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.849
H-Index - 146
eISSN - 1600-0447
pISSN - 0001-690X
DOI - 10.1111/acps.12268
Subject(s) - logistic regression , bipolar disorder , medicine , cohort , cluster (spacecraft) , stage (stratigraphy) , psychology , biology , paleontology , lithium (medication) , computer science , programming language
Objective There are several models of staging in bipolar disorder ( BD ), but none has been validated. The aims of this study were to empirically investigate clinical variables that may be useful to classify patients in clusters according to stage and study the association with biomarkers as biological validators. Method This was a historical cohort study. Patients ( n = 115) diagnosed with BD and not in an acute episode and first‐degree relatives of patients diagnosed with BD ( n = 25) were recruited. Sociodemographic, clinical, and functional data were collected. Serum cytokines, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, and biomarkers of lipid and protein oxidation were assessed. Cluster analysis was carried out to build a model of staging, and logistic regression was conducted to study associations between the model and biomarkers. Results Cluster analysis divided the sample into two equitable groups, denominated early and late stage, with empirical cutoffs for the F unctioning A ssessment S hort T est score, number of episodes, age at onset of the disorder, and time elapsed since first episode. In the logistic regression, IL ‐6 was associated with late stage ( P = 0.029). Conclusion This study supports that clinical, functional, and biochemical variables may help to define a classification of staging in BD .