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Debt covenants in Japanese loan markets: in comparison with the traditional relationship banking
Author(s) -
Kochiyama Takuma,
Nakamura Ryosuke
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
accounting and finance
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.645
H-Index - 49
eISSN - 1467-629X
pISSN - 0810-5391
DOI - 10.1111/acfi.12568
Subject(s) - debt , covenant , loan , business , financial system , monetary economics , context (archaeology) , earnings , economics , finance , philosophy , theology , paleontology , biology
Abstract This study investigates determinants of debt covenants in Japanese loan markets. We focus on a unique monitoring mechanism by Japanese banks and hypothesise that debt covenants substitute for the traditional main bank governance. Consistently, we find that debt covenants are less likely to be used for firms with stronger ties with their main banks. We also document that such use of debt covenants results in borrower’s upward earnings management. Overall, our evidence suggests that, in the Japanese context, debt covenants are used as a substitute for the main bank system yet they alone are an incomplete monitoring mechanism.