Premium
Genetic Influences on the Amount of Cell Death in the Neural Tube of BXD Mice Exposed to Acute Ethanol at Midgestation
Author(s) -
Théberge Emilie T.,
Baker Jessica A.,
Dubose Candis,
Boyle Julia K.,
Balce Kristina,
Goldowitz Dan,
Hamre Kristin M.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
alcoholism: clinical and experimental research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.267
H-Index - 153
eISSN - 1530-0277
pISSN - 0145-6008
DOI - 10.1111/acer.13947
Subject(s) - biology , quantitative trait locus , genetics , neural tube , locus (genetics) , candidate gene , population , programmed cell death , embryo , andrology , gene , apoptosis , medicine , environmental health
Background Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders ( FASD ) have a strong genetic component although the genes that underlie this are only beginning to be elucidated. In the present study, one of the most common phenotypes of FASD , cell death within the early developing neural tube, was examined across a genetic reference population in a reverse genetics paradigm with the goal of identifying genetic loci that could influence ethanol (EtOH)‐induced apoptosis in the early developing neural tube. Methods BXD recombinant inbred mice as well as the parental strains were used to evaluate genetic differences in EtOH‐induced cell death after exposure on embryonic day 9.5. Dams were given either 5.8 g/kg EtOH or isocaloric maltose‐dextrin in 2 doses via intragastric gavage. Embryos were collected 7 hours after the initial exposure and cell death evaluated via TUNEL staining in the brainstem and forebrain. Genetic loci were evaluated using quantitative trait locus ( QTL ) analysis at GeneNetwork.org. Results Significant strain differences were observed in the levels of EtOH‐induced cell death that were due to genetic effects and not confounding variables such as differences in developmental maturity or cell death kinetics. Comparisons between the 2 regions of the developing neural tube showed little genetic correlation with the QTL maps exhibiting no overlap. Significant QTL s were found on murine mid‐chromosome 4 and mid‐chromosome 14 only in the brainstem. Within these chromosomal loci, a number of interesting candidate genes were identified that could mediate this differential sensitivity including Nfia (nuclear factor I/A) and Otx2 (orthodenticle homeobox 2). Conclusions These studies demonstrate that the levels of EtOH‐induced cell death occur in strain‐ and region‐dependent manners. Novel QTL s on mouse Chr4 and Chr14 were identified that modulate the differential sensitivity to EtOH‐induced apoptosis in the embryonic brainstem. The genes underlying these QTL s could identify novel molecular pathways that are critical in this phenotype.