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Cigarette Use Among Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders in the United States, 2002 to 2016: Trends Overall and by Race/Ethnicity
Author(s) -
Weinberger Andrea H.,
Pacek Lauren R.,
Giovenco Daniel,
Galea Sandro,
Zvolensky Michael J.,
Gbedemah Misato,
Goodwin Renee D.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
alcoholism: clinical and experimental research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.267
H-Index - 153
eISSN - 1530-0277
pISSN - 0145-6008
DOI - 10.1111/acer.13922
Subject(s) - medicine , ethnic group , alcohol use disorder , demography , national health interview survey , logistic regression , population , environmental health , alcohol , biochemistry , chemistry , sociology , anthropology
Background Individuals with alcohol use disorders ( AUD s) who smoke cigarettes experience greater health risks than those using either substance alone. Further, disparities exist in AUD s and smoking by race/ethnicity. Although smoking has declined in the general population, it is not known whether the smoking prevalence has changed over time for individuals with AUD s. The current study used representative U.S. data to estimate the prevalence of current cigarette use from 2002 to 2016 by AUD status and severity overall and by race/ethnicity. Methods Data were drawn from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, an annual cross‐sectional study of U.S. individuals, from 2002 to 2016 (total analytic sample n = 837,326). Cigarette smoking prevalence was calculated annually among those with and without past‐year AUD and by AUD severity level (mild, moderate, severe AUD ). Time trends in smoking prevalence by AUD status and severity were tested using logistic regression for the overall sample and significant interactions were subsequently stratified by race/ethnicity (non‐Hispanic [NH] White, NH Black, Hispanic, NH Other). Results Cigarette use was persistently over twice as common among those with AUD s compared to without AUD s (2016: 37.84% vs. 16.29%). Cigarette use was also more common among those at each level of AUD severity criteria (2016: mild AUD 34.59%; moderate AUD 35.35%; severe AUD 52.23%). Approximately half of NH Black respondents with AUD s, and three‐quarters of NH Black respondents with severe AUD s, reported smoking in 2016. The prevalence of smoking decreased significantly over time among respondents with and without AUD s; however, there were differences by race. There was no decline in smoking prevalence among NH Black respondents with AUD s over time in contrast to a significant decrease for every other racial/ethnic group with and without AUD s. Conclusions Individuals with AUD s may need additional resources and interventions to quit smoking, especially NH Black individuals.