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Malondialdehyde–Acetaldehyde (MAA) Protein Adducts Are Found Exclusively in the Lungs of Smokers with Alcohol Use Disorders and Are Associated with Systemic Anti‐MAA Antibodies
Author(s) -
Sapkota Muna,
Burnham Ellen L.,
DeVasure Jane M.,
Sweeter Jenea M.,
Hunter Carlos D.,
Duryee Michael J.,
Klassen Lynell W.,
Kharbanda Kusum K.,
Sisson Joseph H.,
Thiele Geoffrey M.,
Wyatt Todd A.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
alcoholism: clinical and experimental research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.267
H-Index - 153
eISSN - 1530-0277
pISSN - 0145-6008
DOI - 10.1111/acer.13509
Subject(s) - acetaldehyde , malondialdehyde , alcohol use disorder , smoke , alcohol , chemistry , medicine , ethanol , biochemistry , oxidative stress , organic chemistry
Background Malondialdehyde ( MDA ) and acetaldehyde ( AA ) exist following ethanol metabolism and tobacco pyrolysis. As such, lungs of individuals with alcohol use disorders ( AUD s) are a target for the effects of combined alcohol and cigarette smoke metabolites. MDA and AA form a stable protein adduct, malondialdehyde–acetaldehyde ( MAA ) adduct, known to be immunogenic, profibrotic, and proinflammatory. MAA adduct is the dominant epitope in anti‐ MAA antibody formation. We hypothesized that MAA ‐adducted protein forms in lungs of those who both abuse alcohol and smoke cigarettes, and that this would be associated with systemically elevated anti‐ MAA antibodies. Methods Four groups were established: AUD subjects who smoked cigarettes (+ AUD /+smoke), smokers without AUD (− AUD /+smoke), AUD without smoke (+ AUD /−smoke), and non‐ AUD /nonsmokers (− AUD /−smoke). Results We observed a significant increase in MAA adducts in lung cells of + AUD /+smoke versus − AUD /−smoke. No significant increase in MAA adducts was observed in − AUD /+smoke or in + AUD /−smoke compared to − AUD /−smoke. Serum from + AUD /+smoke had significantly increased levels of circulating anti‐ MAA IgA antibodies. After 1 week of alcohol that MAA ‐adducted protein is formed in the lungs of those who smoke cigarettes and abuse alcohol, leading to a subsequent increase in serum IgA antibodies. Conclusions MAA ‐adducted proteins could play a role in pneumonia and other diseases of the lung in the setting of AUD and smoking.