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Examination of a Dual‐Process Model Predicting Riding with Drinking Drivers
Author(s) -
Hultgren Brittney A.,
Scaglione Nichole M.,
Cleveland Michael J.,
Turrisi Rob
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
alcoholism: clinical and experimental research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.267
H-Index - 153
eISSN - 1530-0277
pISSN - 0145-6008
DOI - 10.1111/acer.12731
Subject(s) - psychosocial , psychology , psychological intervention , mediation , structural equation modeling , normative , motivational interviewing , clinical psychology , theory of planned behavior , normative social influence , conformity , social psychology , psychotherapist , philosophy , statistics , mathematics , control (management) , management , epistemology , psychiatry , political science , law , economics
Background Nearly 1 in 5 of the fatalities in alcohol‐related crashes are passengers. Few studies have utilized theory to examine modifiable psychosocial predictors of individuals' tendencies to be a passenger in a vehicle operated by a driver who has consumed alcohol. This study used a prospective design to test a dual‐process model featuring reasoned and reactive psychological influences and psychosocial constructs as predictors of riding with drinking drivers ( RWDD ) in a sample of individuals aged 18 to 21. Methods College students ( N = 508) completed web‐based questionnaires assessing RWDD , psychosocial constructs (attitudes, expectancies, and norms), and reasoned and reactive influences (intentions and willingness) at baseline (the middle of the spring semester) and again 1 and 6 months later. Regression was used to analyze reasoned and reactive influences as proximal predictors of RWDD at the 6‐month follow‐up. Subsequent analyses examined the relationship between the psychosocial constructs as distal predictors of RWDD and the mediation effects of reasoned and reactive influences. Results Both reasoned and reactive influences predicted RWDD , while only the reactive influence had a significant unique effect. Reactive influences significantly mediated the effects of peer norms, attitudes, and drinking influences on RWDD . Nearly all effects were constant across gender except parental norms (significant for females). Conclusions Findings highlight that the important precursors of RWDD were reactive influences, attitudes, and peer and parent norms. These findings suggest several intervention methods, specifically normative feedback interventions, parent‐based interventions, and brief motivational interviewing, may be particularly beneficial in reducing RWDD .