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Gender Differences in Lifetime Alcohol Dependence: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
Author(s) -
Khan Sharaf,
Okuda Mayumi,
Hasin Deborah S.,
SecadesVilla Roberto,
Keyes Katherine,
Lin KengHan,
Grant Bridget,
Blanco Carlos
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
alcoholism: clinical and experimental research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.267
H-Index - 153
eISSN - 1530-0277
pISSN - 0145-6008
DOI - 10.1111/acer.12158
Subject(s) - spouse , psychiatry , comorbidity , mood , anxiety , alcohol dependence , population , alcohol use disorder , mood disorders , medicine , personality disorders , clinical psychology , psychology , personality , alcohol , social psychology , biochemistry , chemistry , environmental health , sociology , anthropology
Background An extensive clinical literature has noted gender differences in the etiology and clinical characteristics of individuals with alcohol dependence ( AD ). Despite this knowledge, many important questions remain. Methods Using the 2001 to 2002 N ational E pidemiologic S urvey on A lcohol and R elated C onditions ( n = 43,093), we examined differences in sociodemographic characteristics, psychiatric and medical comorbidities, clinical correlates, risk factors, and treatment‐utilization patterns of men ( N = 2,974) and women ( N = 1,807) with lifetime AD . Results Men with lifetime AD were more likely than women to be diagnosed with any substance use disorder and antisocial personality disorder, whereas women were more likely to have mood and anxiety disorders. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and gender differences in psychiatric comorbidity in the general population, AD was associated with externalizing disorders and any mood disorder among women only. Men with AD met more criteria, had longer episodes, and were younger at the age of first drink. There were no gender differences in remission rates. Women with AD were more likely to have a family and a spouse with history of alcohol use disorders. Treatment rates were low for both genders, and women were more likely to report social stigmatization as a treatment barrier. Conclusions There are important gender differences in the psychiatric comorbidities, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and treatment‐utilization patterns among individuals with lifetime AD .