Open AccessClinical diagnosis and treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor‐associated adverse events in the digestive system
Author(s) -
Li Yue,
Kang Xiaohui,
Wang Hanping,
Guo Xiaoxiao,
Zhou Jiaxin,
Duan Lian,
Si Xiaoyan,
Zhang Li,
Liu Xiaowei,
Qian Jiaming,
Zhang Li
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
thoracic cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.823
H-Index - 28
eISSN - 1759-7714
pISSN - 1759-7706
DOI - 10.1111/1759-7714.13338
Subject(s) - medicine , immune system , adverse effect , immunotherapy , cytotoxic t cell , immunology , cancer research , signal transduction , immune checkpoint , gastrointestinal tract , pharmacology , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , in vitro , biochemistry
Immunotherapy for malignant tumors is a hot spot in current research and the treatment of cancer. The activation of programmed cell death receptor‐1 (PD‐1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte‐associated antigen 4 (CTLA)‐4 relevant signaling pathway can inhibit the activation of T lymphocytes. Tumor cells can achieve immune escape by activating this signaling pathway. By inhibiting this signaling pathway, immune‐checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) activate T lymphocytes to clear the tumor cells. Therefore, the adverse effects of ICIs are mainly immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). The digestive system, including the gastrointestinal tract and liver which are vital organs of digestion and absorption, metabolism and detoxification, as well as important immune‐related organs, is the most commonly affected system of irAEs. This review explains the incidence, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of liver and gastrointestinal adverse events in ICIs.