Cost‐effectiveness of chemotherapy combined with thoracic radiotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for limited stage small cell lung cancer: A population‐based propensity‐score matched analysis

Background The addition of thoracic radiotherapy improves the outcome of limited stage small cell lung cancer ( LS‐SCLC ), however, the cost‐effectiveness of this process has never been reported. We aimed to estimate the short‐term cost‐effectiveness of chemotherapy combined with thoracic radiotherapy ( C ‐ TRT ) versus chemotherapy alone ( C /T) for LS‐SCLC patients from the payer's perspective ( T aiwan N ational H ealth I nsurance). Methods We identified LS‐SCLC patients diagnosed within 2007–2009 through a comprehensive population‐based database containing cancer and death registries, and reimbursement data. The duration of interest was one year within diagnosis. We included potential confounding covariables through literature searching and our own experience, and used a propensity score to construct a 1:1 population for adjustment. We used a net benefit ( NB ) approach to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness at various willingness‐to‐pay ( WTP ) levels. Sensitivity analysis regarding potential unmeasured confounder(s) was performed. Results Our study population constituted 74 patients. The mean cost (2013 USD ) and survival (year) was higher for C ‐ TRT (42 439 vs. 28 357; 0.94 vs. 0.88). At the common WTP level (50 000 USD /life‐year), C‐TRT was not cost effective (incremental NB − 11 082) and the probability for C‐TRT to be cost effective (i.e. positive net benefit) was 0.005. The result was moderately sensitive to potential unmeasured confounder(s) in sensitivity analysis. Conclusions We provide evidence that when compared to C/T , C ‐ TRT is effective in improving survival, but is not cost‐effective in the short‐term at a common WTP level from a payer's perspective. This information should be considered by clinicians when discussing thoracic radiotherapy with their LS‐SCLC patients.