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Regulation of σ factors by conserved partner switches controlled by divergent signalling systems
Author(s) -
Bouillet Sophie,
Arabet Dallel,
JourlinCastelli Cécile,
Méjean Vincent,
IobbiNivol Chantal
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
environmental microbiology reports
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.229
H-Index - 69
ISSN - 1758-2229
DOI - 10.1111/1758-2229.12620
Subject(s) - phosphatase , phosphorylation , biology , response regulator , microbiology and biotechnology , signalling , component (thermodynamics) , biofilm , kinase , two component regulatory system , antagonist , signal transduction , computational biology , bacteria , genetics , bacterial protein , receptor , gene , physics , mutant , thermodynamics
Summary Partner‐Switching Systems (PSS) are widespread regulatory systems, each comprising a kinase‐anti‐σ, a phosphorylatable anti‐σ antagonist and a phosphatase module. The anti‐σ domain quickly sequesters or delivers the target σ factor according to the phosphorylation state of the anti‐σ antagonist induced by environmental signals. The PSS components are proteins alone or merged to other domains probably to adapt to the input signals. PSS are involved in major cellular processes including stress response, sporulation, biofilm formation and pathogenesis. Surprisingly, the target σ factors are often unknown and the sensing modules acting upstream from the PSS diverge according to the bacterial species. Indeed, they belong to either two‐component systems or complex pathways as the stressosome or Chemosensory Systems (CS). Based on a phylogenetic analysis, we propose that the sensing module in Gram‐negative bacteria is often a CS.