Proteome analysis of Pseudomonas putida F1 genes induced in soil environments

Summary Knowledge of the gene expression dynamics of a single soil bacterial strain contributes to the understanding of its behaviour, physiological state and surrounding microenvironment. Genes expressed in soil environments rather than in laboratory media are considered to particularly relevant. Here, we compared genome‐wide gene expression profiles of the bacterium Pseudomonas putida F1 inoculated in three different types of nonsterile soils deduced using proteome analysis via sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis combined with liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Proteins commonly detected in all three samples and involved with bacterial growth and fundamental metabolism were excluded. Nine proteins were identified as specifically expressed in soil including an aldehyde dehydrogenase, a nitric oxide dioxygenase and five proteins encoded by a cluster of metabolism‐associated genes. Expression factor analysis revealed that the nitric oxide dioxygenase‐coding gene was induced by nitric oxide and the five clustered genes were induced under phosphate starvation. The expression of these genes can be attributed to response to soil environmental stimuli surrounding the F1 cells. These results strongly suggest that our soil metaproteome approach is useful for understanding the autecology and lifestyle of a single bacterial strain in soil environments and allows the prediction of the microenvironment surrounding the bacterial cells.