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Occurrence, activity and contribution of anammox in some freshwater extreme environments
Author(s) -
Zhu Guibing,
Xia Chao,
Shanyun Wang,
Zhou Leiliu,
Liu Lu,
Zhao Siyan
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
environmental microbiology reports
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.229
H-Index - 69
ISSN - 1758-2229
DOI - 10.1111/1758-2229.12341
Subject(s) - anammox , ammonium , environmental chemistry , ecosystem , freshwater ecosystem , biology , incubation , nitrogen cycle , ecology , chemistry , nitrogen , denitrification , biochemistry , denitrifying bacteria , organic chemistry
Summary Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) widely occurs in marine ecosystems, and it plays an important role in the global nitrogen cycle. But in freshwater ecosystems its occurrence, distribution and contribution, especially in extreme environments, are still not well known. In this study, anammox process was investigated in some extreme environments of freshwater ecosystems, such as those with high (above 75° C ) and low (below −35° C ) temperature, high ( pH > 8) and low ( pH < 4) pH and eutrophy (the concentration of NH 4 + ‐ N > 300 mg kg −1 ). The polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) screening results showed that anammox bacteria were widespread in the examined sediments from freshwater extreme environments. Quantitative PCR showed that the abundance of anammox bacteria ranged from 6.94 × 10 4 to 8.05 × 10 6 hydrazine synthase ( hzsB ) gene copies g −1 dry soil. 15 N ‐labelled incubation experiments indicated the occurrence of anammox in all examined sediments and the potential anammox rates ranged from 0.02 to 6.24 nmol N g −1 h −1 , with a contribution of 3.45–58.74% of the total N 2 production. In summary, these results demonstrate the occurrence of anammox in these extreme environments, inferring that anammox may harbour a wide ecological niche in the freshwater ecosystems.