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Arsenic rich Himalayan hot spring metagenomics reveal genetically novel predator–prey genotypes
Author(s) -
Sangwan Naseer,
Lambert Carey,
Sharma Anukriti,
Gupta Vipin,
Khurana Paramjit,
Khurana Jitendra P.,
Sockett R. Elizabeth,
Gilbert Jack A.,
Lal Rup
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
environmental microbiology reports
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.229
H-Index - 69
ISSN - 1758-2229
DOI - 10.1111/1758-2229.12297
Subject(s) - biology , bdellovibrio , metagenomics , population , microbiology and biotechnology , bacteria , genetics , gene , demography , sociology
Summary B dellovibrio bacteriovorus are small D eltaproteobacteria that invade, kill and assimilate their prey. Metagenomic assembly analysis of the microbial mats of an arsenic rich, hot spring was performed to describe the genotypes of the predator Bdellovibrio and the ecogenetically adapted taxa E nterobacter . The microbial mats were enriched with B dellovibrio (1.3%) and several Gram‐negative bacteria including B ordetella (16%), E nterobacter (6.8%), B urkholderia (4.8%), A cinetobacter (2.3%) and Y ersinia (1%). A high‐quality (47 contigs, 25X coverage; 3.5 Mbp) draft genome of Bdellovibrio (strain ArHS ; Arsenic Hot S pring) was reassembled, which lacked the marker gene Bd0108 associated with the usual method of prey interaction and invasion for this genus, while maintaining genes coding for the hydrolytic enzymes necessary for prey assimilation. By filtering microbial mat samples (< 0.45 μm) to enrich for small predatory cell sizes, we observed Bdellovibrio ‐like cells attached side‐on to E . coli through electron microscopy. Furthermore, a draft pan‐genome of the dominant potential host taxon, E nterobacter cloacae ArHS (4.8 Mb), along with three of its viral genotypes ( n = 3; 42 kb, 49 kb and 50 kb), was assembled. These data were further used to analyse the population level evolutionary dynamics (taxonomical and functional) of reconstructed genotypes.