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B lautia and P revotella sequences distinguish human and animal fecal pollution in B razil surface waters
Author(s) -
Koskey Amber M.,
Fisher Jenny C.,
Eren A. Murat,
PonceTerashima Rafael,
Reis Mitermayer G.,
Blanton Ronald E.,
McLellan Sandra L.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
environmental microbiology reports
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.229
H-Index - 69
ISSN - 1758-2229
DOI - 10.1111/1758-2229.12189
Subject(s) - lachnospiraceae , feces , biology , sewage , bacteroides , human feces , fecal coliform , host (biology) , pollution , microbiology and biotechnology , veterinary medicine , ecology , firmicutes , bacteria , environmental science , 16s ribosomal rna , water quality , medicine , genetics , environmental engineering
Summary Untreated sewage discharges and limited agricultural manure management practices contribute to fecal pollution in rural B razilian waterways. Most microbial source tracking studies have focused on Bacteroidales , and few have tested host‐specific indicators in underdeveloped regions. Sequencing of sewage and human and animal feces with Illumina HiSeq revealed Prevotellaceae as the most abundant family in humans, with Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae also comprising a large proportion of the microbiome. These same families were also dominant in animals. Bacteroides , the genus containing the most commonly utilized human‐specific marker in the U nited S tates was present in very low abundance. We used oligotyping to identify P revotella and B lautia sequences that can distinguish human fecal contamination. Thirty‐five of 61 B lautia oligotypes and 13 of 108 Prevotella oligotypes in humans were host‐specific or highly abundant (i.e. host‐preferred) compared to pig, dog, horse and cow sources. Certain human P revotella and B lautia oligotypes increased more than an order of magnitude along a polluted river transect in rural B razil, but traditional fecal indicator levels followed a steady or even decreasing trend. While both P revotella and B lautia oligotypes distinguished human and animal fecal pollution in B razil surface waters, Blautia appears to contain more discriminatory and globally applicable markers for tracking sources of fecal pollution.