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The Early Permian Woniusi Flood Basalts from the Baoshan Terrane, SW China: Petrogenesis and Geodynamic Implications
Author(s) -
CAO Jun,
ZHANG Gaizhi,
WANG Xuan,
CHEN Jun
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
acta geologica sinica ‐ english edition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.444
H-Index - 61
eISSN - 1755-6724
pISSN - 1000-9515
DOI - 10.1111/1755-6724.14381
Subject(s) - geology , flood basalt , geochemistry , basalt , petrogenesis , mantle plume , terrane , rift , mafic , large igneous province , primitive mantle , volcanic rock , fractional crystallization (geology) , permian , partial melting , petrology , volcano , lithosphere , paleontology , magmatism , volcanism , tectonics , structural basin
The Woniusi flood basalts from the Baoshan terrane, SW China, represent a significant eruption of volcanic rocks which were linked to the Late Paleozoic rifting of the Cimmeria from the northern margin of East Gondwana. However, the precise mechanism for the formation and propagation of the rifting is still in debate. Here we report 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating, whole‐rock geochemistry, and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes for the Woniusi basalts from the Baoshan terrane of SW China, with the aim of assessing if a mantle plume was related to the formation of the continent Cimmeria. 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating of the Woniusi basalts yielded ages of 279.3 ± 1.1 Ma and 273.9 ± 1.5 Ma, indicating they were emplaced during the Early Permian. Whole‐rock geochemistry shows that these basalts have subalkaline tholeiitic affinity, low TiO 2 (1.2–2.2 wt%), and fractionated chondrite‐normalized LREE and nearly flat HREE patterns [(La/Yb) N = 2.86–5.77; (Dy/Yb) N = 1.21–1.49] with noticeable negative Nb and Ta anomalies on the primitive mantle‐normalized trace element diagram. The ∊ Nd ( t ) values (–4.76 to +0.92) and high ( 206 Pb/ 204 Pb) i (18.40–18.66) along with partial melt modeling indicates that the basalts were likely derived from a sub‐continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) source metasomatized by subduction‐related processes. On the basis of a similar emplacement age to the Panjal basalts and Qiangtang mafic dykes and flood basalts in the Himalayas, combined with a tectonic reconstruction of Gondwana in the Early Permian, we propose that the large‐scale eruption of these basalts and dykes was related to an Early Permian mantle plume that possibly initiated the rifting on the northern margin of East Gondwana.