Open AccessAlcohol consumption, depressive symptoms, and the incidence of diabetes‐related complications
Author(s) -
Elgendy Randa,
Deschênes Sonya S.,
Burns Rachel J.,
Levy Melanie,
Schmitz Norbert
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of diabetes
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.949
H-Index - 43
eISSN - 1753-0407
pISSN - 1753-0393
DOI - 10.1111/1753-0407.12822
Subject(s) - medicine , odds ratio , diabetes mellitus , retinopathy , incidence (geometry) , nephropathy , coronary artery disease , confidence interval , depression (economics) , endocrinology , macroeconomics , physics , optics , economics
Background Heavy alcohol consumption in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related to increased risks of diabetes‐related micro‐ and macrovascular complications. Depressive symptoms may be relevant to this relationship, because high depressive symptoms are associated with an increased risk of complications. This study investigated whether the interaction between depressive symptoms and alcohol frequency was positively related to the development of neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and coronary artery disease (CAD), such that those with high depressive symptoms and high alcohol frequency will be at increased risk of complications. Methods Data were from five waves of the Evaluation of Diabetes Treatment annual survey including 1413 adults with T2DM in Quebec. Data on alcohol frequency (number of drinking occasions), depressive symptoms, and complications were collected annually. The development of each complication was investigated using multiple logistic regression analysis with generalized estimating equations. Results After adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and diabetes‐related covariates, the interaction between alcohol frequency and depressive symptoms was positively related to the incidence of neuropathy and CAD, such that those with high depressive symptoms who drank the most frequently had the highest risk of neuropathy (odds ratio [OR] 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.04; P = 0.04) and CAD (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.04; P = 0.04). This interaction was not significantly related to retinopathy or nephropathy. Conclusion Individuals with high depressive symptoms and high alcohol frequency may have a particularly high risk of neuropathy and CAD. Future prevention efforts should examine both alcohol frequency and depressive symptoms when evaluating the risk of complications.